In Yunnan, many individuals combine elements from different spiritual traditions in ways that challenge the notion of exclusive religious identity. In parts of the province, the same individual may adopt varying religious currents of beliefs, both within the same religion and between different religions (such as Buddhism and Catholicism). In addition, a single person may also observe rituals tied to ancestral- or local-deity worship, worship of the supreme political leaders of the PRC, and participating in Buddhist temple ceremonies, thus embodying multiple levels of religiosity and cultural affiliations simultaneously. These overlapping religious commitments are not viewed as contradictory by villagers but are woven into everyday social life, family events, and community rituals, indicating a lived pluralism in which religious boundaries are fluid and negotiable.